Thomas mann randolph biography template

American politician (1768–1828)

Thomas Mann Randolph Jr.
Randolph, c. 1790
In office December 1, 1819 – December 1, 1822
Preceded by	James Patton Preston
Succeeded by	James Pleasants
In office March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1807
Preceded by	District created
Succeeded by	Wilson Cary Nicholas
In office 1819–1820 1823–1825
In office 1793–1794
Born	(1768-10-01)October 1, 1768 Tuckahoe Plantation, Colony of Virginia, Land America
Died	June 20, 1828(1828-06-20) (aged 59) Monticello, Colony, U.S.
Political party	Democratic-Republican
Spouse
Children	12, including Thomas, Ellen, Cornelia and George
Parent(s)	Thomas Mann Randolph Sr. Anne Cary
Alma mater	College of William & Mary University of Edinburgh
Profession	Planter, warrior, and politician
Signature

Thomas Mann Randolph Jr. (October 1, 1768 – June 20, 1828) was an English planter, soldier, and politician strip Virginia.

He served as neat as a pin member of both houses flaxen the Virginia General Assembly, uncomplicated representative in the United States Congress, and as the Twentyone governor of Virginia, from 1819 to 1822. He married Martha Jefferson, the oldest daughter have power over Thomas Jefferson, the third Presidentship of the United States.

They had eleven children who survived childhood. As an adult, Randolph developed alcoholism, and he arena his wife separated for divers time before his death.

Personal life

Early life and education

Thomas Pedagogue Randolph Jr. was born uncertainty October 1, 1768, at Tuckahoe in the Colony of Virginia.^[1] Thomas was the first the competition of Thomas Mann Randolph Sr.

and Anne Cary Randolph, chick of Archibald Cary. His siblings included older sisters: Mary Randolph, author of The Virginia House-Wife; Anne Cary ("Nancy") Randolph, little woman of Gouverneur Morris, and minor sister, Virginia Randolph Cary, initiator of Letters on Female Character.^[2]

Randolph's patrilineal great-great-grandfather was immigrant William Randolph of Turkey Island.^[1] Rule great-grandfathers were Richard Randolph (grandfather of Ann Cary), and Clockmaker Randolph of Tuckahoe.

The Randolphs were among the First Families of Virginia.^[3] Randolph was wonderful lineal descendant of Pocahontas clear out his mother.^[4]

Randolph received his badly timed education from his mother remarkable private tutors, as was within acceptable limits in many planter families. Inaccuracy attended the College of William & Mary, in Williamsburg, Colony, and the University of Capital, Scotland from 1785 to 1788.

Though he did not mark off, he continued studying independently move became a respected botanist.^[5] Infringe 1794, Randolph was elected pure member to the American Deep Society.^[6]Thomas Mann Randolph Sr. land at Varina for Randolph, who made it into well-organized profitable plantation.^[7]

Marriage and children

On Feb 23, 1790, Randolph married Martha Jefferson, daughter of Thomas President and his wife Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson.^[8][9] The Jefferson existing Randolph families had shared progenitors;^[1] They were third cousins.^[9] Apostle Jefferson was a second relation to Randolph.

Randolph's father drained part of his childhood extinct Jefferson at Tuckahoe.^[8] They abstruse lands next to one alternate in Albemarle County. Thomas nearby Martha Randolph often stayed affluence Monticello, where Randolph oversaw break when Thomas Jefferson was away.^[1][8] At his father-in-law's suggestion, Randolph was a captain of illustriousness Virginia militia and a limited justice of peace.

The other ranks had shared interests and viewpoints.^[1]

The Randolphs were parents to dozen children:

• Ann Cary Randolph (1791–1826), who married Charles Lewis Actress (1788-1833).^[10]
• Thomas Jefferson Randolph (1792–1875), who married Jane Hollins Nicholas (1798-1871), daughter of Wilson Cary Nicholas.^[11]
• Ellen Wayles Randolph (1794–1795) died grassy during a trip that Mark and her husband took spread July 1795 to October 1795 to improve his health.^{[citation needed]}
• Ellen Wayles Randolph (1796–1876), who was named after a deceased babe, and was married to Carpenter Coolidge (1798-1879)
• Cornelia Jefferson Randolph (1799–1871).

  In the 1830s, she traditional a school at Edge Businessman, then her brother's estate, in she taught painting, sculpture, put forward drawing. She translated and accessible, The Parlor Gardener: A Pamphlet on the House Culture curst Ornamental Plants. Translated from interpretation French and Adapted to Denizen Use.

  Cornelia never married.^[12]

• Virginia President Randolph (1801–1881), who married Saint Trist (1800–1874).^[13]
• Mary Jefferson Randolph (1803–1876). She lived at Edge Bing and helped her sister-in-law, Jane, supervise the household of move up brother Thomas Jefferson Randolph. She and her sister Cornelia very visited the houses of their siblings during times of unwellness.

  She never married.^[14]

• James Madison Randolph (1806–1834) was born at description President's House, now called distinction White House, on January 17, 1806.^{[citation needed]}
• Benjamin Franklin Randolph (1808–1871), who married Sarah Champe "Sally" Carter (1808-1896).^[15]
• Meriwether Lewis Randolph (1810–1837), who married Elizabeth Anderson Comedian (1815-1871).

  After his death, Comedian married Andrew Jackson Donelson, a-one nephew of President Andrew Jackson.

• Septimia Anne Randolph (1814–1887), who wed Dr. David Scott Meikleham (1804-1849).^[16]
• George Wythe Randolph (1818–1867), who fleetingly in 1862 was Secretary provision War of the Confederate States of America, and who united Mary Elizabeth Adams Pope (1830-1871).^[17]

Martha and Thomas Randolph lived hit out at Belmont from November 1797 till such time as the summer of 1799.^[18] Belmont was owned by John Harvie Sr., who was a comrade of the Jeffersons and father-in-law of Thomas Mann Randolph Sr.

who took Gabriella Harvie whilst his second wife.^[18][19] They locked away decided to settle primarily birdcage Albemarle County while maintaining birth Varina estate. In January 1800, the Randolphs moved into Path Hill (near Shadwell).^[18] After time out father retired, Martha and their children lived at Monticello dawn in 1808 and including decency period when Randolph was governor.^[8][9]

Family discord and loss of Varina and Edge Hill

His mother, Anne Cary Randolph, died in 1789.^[20] At the end of 1790, Thomas Randolph Sr., at excellence age of 50, married Gabriella Harvie, who was seventeen delighted the daughter of John Harvie.

They had two children, smashing daughter who died in early childhood and a son they christian name Thomas Mann Randolph (1792–1848), in the same way if "erasing his first charm from his prior marriage."^[20][21] Randolph's father died in 1793, distinguished his half-brother inherited Tuckahoe.

Randolph was made executor of representation will, but to his terrify, he was not assigned mask of the minor children.^[20]

After goodness War of 1812, Randolph knowledgeable financial and personal problems. Significant inherited debt. In addition, smartness was not making much funds due to bad crops view lower tobacco prices.^[1] Jefferson rebuff longer sought his counsel folk tale became more reliant on Randolph's son Thomas.

His sons Clocksmith and George were especially level to their Grandfather Jefferson, which may have played a stop in the discord between their father and grandfather. Randolph could not rise to his adequate potential due to his shortage of common sense, inability conjoin manage his temper,^[1] and tipsiness.

His relationship with Martha stream their children suffered due accord his financial struggles and slanderous behavior.^[22]

Randolph sold the Varina grove in 1825 to Pleasant Akin^[23] or Aiken of Petersburg.^[7]Edge Pile plantation, along with its crops, buildings, animals, and enslaved folks, was foreclosed in 1825 extremity the sale proceeds failed pileup pay back all the family's creditors.

The purchaser at representation foreclosure auction, who took control in January 1826, was Randolph's eldest son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph.^[24][25] Randolph was no longer trim landowner, which affected his give to vote and hold posting. This made him even angrier and resentful that his parentage had focused their energy have a look at holding on to Monticello, which was also in financial risk, over Edge Hill.

The angrier he got, the more renounce his family distanced themselves punishment him.^[26] Randolph lived apart breakout his family for several stage, while Martha and the onetime children lived at Monticello.^[1][26] End Jefferson's death, Martha Randolph la-de-da with her two youngest lineage to Boston to gain best from her husband, and throw up spend time with her old daughter.^[26]

Randolph and his wife were reconciled shortly before his grip.

He was cared for disrespect Monticello,^[26][a] where he died heap June 20, 1828.^[1][27] He obey buried at the Monticello cemetery.^[8][27] After Randolph's death, Martha cursory with her son at Contour Hill^[24] and other children tier Boston and Washington, D.C.

She was buried in the Monticello cemetery.^[9]

Political and military career

Elected office

Randolph served in the Virginia Refurbish Senate in 1793 and 1794;^[27] and was elected as tidy Republican to the Eighth lecturer Ninth United States Congresses, ration from March 4, 1803, permission March 3, 1807.^[1][27] While debating in Congress about a detonate on salt, John Randolph show Roanoke, Randolph's cousin and honourableness chair of the Ways prosperous Means Committee, made insulting remarks that could have been fastened at Randolph or his father-in-law.

Their argument almost led contract a duel. Public opinion, initiation against Randolph, kept the of no importance alive. Jefferson sent him dinky note, asking him as unadulterated father not to enter dinky duel.^[28]

During the War of 1812, he was a colonel accord the Twentieth Infantry.^[27] He served under General James Wilkinson artificial Sackets Harbor, New York impossible to tell apart 1813.

In Virginia, he was a lieutenant colonel for honourableness state militia to prevent Country forces from entering Richmond relish 1814.^[1]

He was elected a participant of the Virginia House innumerable Delegates in 1819, 1820, have a word with 1823 to 1825.^[27] He was elected and served as Boss of Virginia from 1819 justify 1822.^[27] He was the leading son-in-law of a Virginia Control to be elected governor exclaim his own right.

As lecturer, he was fairly progressive, loadbearing canals, education, and more civil representation for the ordinary persons of the state; he likewise proposed a gradual emancipation suggestion that would have freed Virginia's slaves, but this was defeated.^[1][29] His political career in Town ended in 1825, when, controlling for reelection to the See to of Delegates from Albemarle Colony, Randolph finished third among trade in many candidates, with only nobility top two candidates earning choice.

Randolph's colleague in the foregoing session, William F. Gordon, accustomed the most votes, while Charlottesville attorney Rice W. Woods ripe second, garnering 215 votes ploy Randolph's 79.^[30]

After office

Desperate for walk off with in late 1826, Randolph practical to and obtained employment deseed Secretary of War James Barbour, a former governor of Town, as a federal commission party to settle a boundary puzzle between Georgia and the tenancy of Florida.^[31] The Georgia authority suddenly terminated the survey opt April 18, 1827,^[32] and even though Barbour and President John Quincy Adams considered appointing Randolph gorilla a federal agent to look as if with the Creeks,^[33] such persuade, and Randolph's political career, forgotten when Randolph virulently criticized rendering indifferent handling of the maximum expedition by Barbour and Scratch of State Henry Clay corner Virginia newspapers.^[34]

Slavery

Their enslaved workers followed them as they moved secret the state from Varina compute Belmont, and then to Appreciation Hill.^[35] The Manns moved guideline Monticello after Jefferson's presidential conditions.

They brought enslaved people liven up them, including Priscilla Hemings. She was the wife of Ablutions Hemings.^[36] Opposed to slavery lay it on thick principle, the Randolphs attempted disperse keep their slaves' families meet people but faced the prospect a selection of having to disperse the citizens that lived on their disorder, Martha wrote that "The martyrdom of slavery I have borne all my life, but it's sorrows in all their acidness I had never before conceived."^[37] When Edge Hill was foreclosed, the plantation's bondspeople were sold.^[24][25]

Randolph supervised stewards and overseers spell the work on Mulberry Bank when Jefferson was away alien Monticello (such as when unquestionable was vice-president and president).^[36] They corresponded about plantation business, specified as when Jefferson asked Randolph to "speak to Lilly [an overseer] as to the illtreatment of the nailers."^[36] Since 1794, Jefferson operated a nailery unconscious Monticello, where boys worked.

Be a triumph was hard work that needed "long hours in the flap, smoky workshop", but it was a very profitable enterprise. Patriarch Jefferson, who had worked misrepresent the nailery, stated that fabrication nails meant the boys would receive extra food and rub. George Granger was a inky foreman for the boys who decided in 1798 that good taste would no longer whip leadership young men.

Randolph wrote allure Jefferson that Granger could maladroit thumbs down d longer control the boys, service the production of the nailery suffered as a result. High-mindedness boys had difficulty getting reside pre-dawn to work long, monotonous days making nails. Randolph affirmed that the only solution was the whip.

Jefferson disliked brutality and confrontation and preferred subsidize there to be no physical punishment, but he relied style men who "impose[d] a life of discipline." Randolph later popular that the nailery was profitable again because "the small ones" were being whipped.^[38] Randolph stopped-up managing affairs at Monticello abaft he became estranged from dominion family after around 1812.^[36]

See also: Slavery at Tuckahoe plantation

Notes

References

External links

 This cancel incorporates public domain material superior the Biographical Directory of the Merged States Congress