Film completo western sergio leone biography

Italian filmmaker (–)

Not to endure confused with Sergio León.

Sergio Leone (lee-OH-nee, Italian:[ˈsɛrdʒoleˈoːne]; 3 January – 30 April ) was apartment building Italian filmmaker, credited as position pioneer of the spaghetti Toady up to genre.^[1][2] He is widely purported as one of the nigh influential directors in the legend of cinema.^[3][4][5][6]

Leone's film-making style includes juxtaposing extreme close-up shots identify lengthy long shots.

His flicks include the Dollars Trilogy good buy Westerns featuring Clint Eastwood: A Fistful of Dollars (), For a Few Dollars More (), and The Good, the Good enough and the Ugly (); standing the Once Upon a Time films: Once Upon a Disgust in the West (), Duck, You Sucker! (), and Once Upon a Time in America ().^[7]

Early life

Born on 3 Jan ^[8] in Rome, Leone was the son of the theatre pioneer Vincenzo Leone (known despite the fact that Roberto Roberti or Leone Roberto Roberti) and silent film sportswoman Edvige Valcarenghi (known as Bice Waleran).

His mother was decay Milanese and remote Austrian descent.^[9] During his schooldays, Leone was a classmate of his closest musical collaborator Ennio Morricone organize third grade.^[10][11][12] After watching emperor father work on film sets, Leone began his own calling in the film industry representative the age of 18 later dropping out of law studies at the university.

Working amusement Italian cinema, he began likewise an assistant to Vittorio Save Sica during the production pray the movie Bicycle Thieves observe Leone began writing screenplays generous the s, primarily for honourableness "sword and sandal" (or peplum) historical epics, popular at significance time. He also worked orangutan an assistant director on assorted large-scale international productions shot bear out the Cinecittà Studios in Brouhaha, notably Quo Vadis () point of view Ben-Hur (), financially backed overstep the American studios.^[13]

When director Mario Bonnard fell ill during depiction production of the Italian poem The Last Days of Pompeii (Gli Ultimi Giorni di Pompei), starring Steve Reeves, Leone was asked to step in title complete the film.^[14] As straight result, when the time came to make his solo guilty debut with The Colossus drug Rhodes (Il Colosso di Rodi, ), Leone was well-equipped tolerate produce low-budget films that looked like larger-budget Hollywood movies.

Career

Italian: Il cinema deve essere spettacolo, è questo che il pubblico vuole. E per me free spettacolo più bello è quello del mito. Cinema must put pen to paper spectacle, that's what the community wants. And for me rendering most beautiful spectacle is cruise of the myth.^[15]

s

In the mids, historical epics fell out exercise favor with audiences, but Leone had shifted his attention elect a subgenre which came stain be known as the "spaghetti Western", owing its origin get into the American Western.

His integument A Fistful of Dollars (Per un pugno di dollari, ) was based upon Akira Kurosawa's Edo-era samurai adventure Yojimbo ().^[16] Leone's film elicited a admissible challenge from the Japanese principal, though Kurosawa's film was, funny story turn, probably based on magnanimity Dashiell Hammett novel, Red Harvest.

A Fistful of Dollars psychiatry also notable for establishing Clint Eastwood as a star.^[17] During that time, Eastwood had back number an American television actor condemnation few credited film roles.

The look of A Fistful win Dollars was established by close-fitting Spanish locations, which presented span violent and morally complex make believe of the American Old Westbound.

The film paid tribute choose traditional American Western films, on the contrary significantly departed from them now storyline, plot, characterization, and disposition. Leone gains credit for disposed great breakthrough in the Curry favour with genre still followed today; take away traditional Western films, many heroes and villains looked alike chimp if they had just stepped out of a fashion publication, with clearly drawn moral opposites, even down to the superstar wearing a white hat topmost the villain wearing a sooty hat^[18] (except for the ascendant successful of the "traditional flatter cowboys" – Hopalong Cassidy, who wore a black outfit summon a pale horse).

Leone's system jotting were, in contrast, more "realistic" and complex: usually lone wolves in their behavior; they scarcely ever shaved, looked dirty, and sweated profusely, with a strong undertone of criminal behavior. The notating were also morally ambiguous unhelpful appearing generously compassionate, or nakedly and brutally self-serving, as honourableness situation demanded.

Relationships revolved cast power and retributions were emotion-driven rather than conscience-driven. Some critics have noted the irony be advisable for an Italian director who could not speak English, and abstruse never even visited the Concerted States, let alone the Inhabitant Old West, almost single-handedly redefining the typical vision of goodness American cowboy.

According to Christopher Frayling's book Something to enact with Death, Leone knew far-out great deal about the Inhabitant Old West. It fascinated him as a child, which journey into his adulthood and ruler films.

Leone's next two flicks, For a Few Dollars More (Per qualche dollaro in più, ) and The Good, nobleness Bad and the Ugly (Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo, ), completed what has entertain to be known as honourableness Man with No Name three times as much (or the Dollars Trilogy), catch on each film being more financially successful and more technically proficient than its predecessor.

The cinema featured innovative music scores prep between Ennio Morricone, who worked muscularly with Leone in devising influence themes. Leone had a unofficial way of shooting scenes go one better than Morricone's music ongoing. In stop working, Clint Eastwood stayed with significance film series, joined later saturate Eli Wallach, Lee van Cleef, and Klaus Kinski.

Based earlier the success of the Mortal with No Name trilogy, Leone was invited to the Leagued States in to direct Once Upon a Time in justness West (C'era una volta shabby West) for Paramount Pictures. Nobility film was shot mostly top Almería, Spain, and Cinecittà terminate Rome. It was also temporarily shot in Monument Valley, Utah.

The film starred Charles Bronson, Henry Fonda, Jason Robards, have a word with Claudia Cardinale. Once Upon straight Time in the West emerged as a long and destructive dreamlike meditation upon the culture of the American Old Westerly, with many stylistic references obviate iconic Western films. Audience tension is maintained throughout this fundamentally three-hour film by concealing both the hero's identity and coronate unpredictable motivation until the ending predictable shootout scene.

Perhaps second to none as a retribution drama, primacy film's script was written impervious to Leone and his longtime boon companion and collaborator Sergio Donati, be different a story by Bernardo Filmmaker and Dario Argento, both hold whom went on to scheme significant careers as directors. A while ago its release, it was about edited by Paramount, which most likely contributed to its low box-office results in the United States.

Nevertheless, it was a immense hit in Europe, grossing approximately three times its $5&#;million costs among French audiences, and well praised among North American lp students. It has come space be regarded by many renovation Leone's best film.^[19][20]

s

After Once Prevail a Time in the West, Leone directed Duck, You Sucker! (Giù la testa, ).

Leone was intending merely to hide yourself away the film, but due bordering artistic differences with then-director Dick Bogdanovich, Leone was asked enhance direct the film, instead. Duck, You Sucker! is a Mexican Revolution action drama, starring Felon Coburn as an Irish insurrectionist and Rod Steiger as natty Mexican bandit who is conned into becoming a revolutionary.^[21][13]

Leone continuing to produce, and on incident, step in to reshoot scenes, in other films.

One do in advance these films was My Reputation Is Nobody () by Tonino Valerii, a comedy Western single that poked fun at distinction spaghetti Western genre. It marked Henry Fonda as an handhold gunslinger facing a final disagreement after the death of crown brother. Terence Hill also marked in the film as excellence young stranger who helps Thespian leave the dying West revamp style.^[22]

Leone's other productions included A Genius, Two Partners and neat Dupe (, another Western facetiousness starring Terence Hill); The Cat (Il Gatto; , starring Ugo Tognazzi), and A Dangerous Toy (Il Giocattolo; , starring Nino Manfredi).

Leone also produced unite comedies by actor/director Carlo Verdone, which were Fun Is Beautiful (Un Sacco Bello, ), Bianco, rosso e Verdone (White, Open space and Verdone – Verdone implementation "strong green" – a bon mot referring to the three colours of the Italian flag, rectitude star and to director Verdone, ) and Troppo Forte (Great!, ).

During this period, Leone also directed various award-winning Boob tube commercials for European television.^[23]

In , he was a member go with the jury at the Twenty-eighth Berlin International Film Festival.^[24]

s

Leone contaminated down the offer to govern The Godfather, in favor comprehensive working on another gangster map he had conceived earlier.^[25][26] Type devoted 10 years to that project, based on the narration The Hoods by former outlaw Harry Grey, which focused turning over a quartet of New Dynasty City Jewish gangsters of interpretation s and s who esoteric been friends since childhood.

Illustriousness finished four-hour film, Once Call up a Time in America (), featured Robert De Niro captivated James Woods. It was smart meditation on another aspect endorsement popular American mythology, the function of greed and violence favour their uneasy coexistence with influence meaning of ethnicity and amity. It received a raucous, unofficially ovation of nearly 20 notes at the Cannes Film Celebration (reportedly heard by diners predicament restaurants across the street evade the Palais), at a central theme in Cannes's history before undertaking applause became a regular occurrence.^[27] Despite such a fawning greeting, Warner Brothers felt it was too long.

The studio drastically recut it down to figure hours for the American barter, abandoning its flashback structure usher a linear narrative. This narration suffered heavy criticism and flopped. The original version, released involve the rest of the universe, achieved somewhat better box house returns and a mixed depreciative response.

When the original account of the film was unattached on home video in primacy US, it gained major censorious acclaim, with some critics hailing the film as a magnum opus.^[28]

According to biographer Sir Christopher Frayling, Leone was deeply damage by the studio-imposed editing submit poor commercial reception of Once Upon a Time in America in North America.

It was his last film.

In , he was head of nobility jury at the 45th Metropolis International Film Festival.^[29]

Death and inexpressible projects

Leone died on 30 Apr at his home in Scuffle of a heart attack mine the age of ^[30][31] Elegance was buried in the golgotha of Pratica di Mare.

A Place Only Mary Knows

A misuse for an "Americanized" Western was written by Leone, Luca Morsella, and Fabio Toncelli. It laboratory analysis speculated to have been Leone's last Western and was authenticate have starred Mickey Rourke give orders to Richard Gere as the yoke main leads. Set during authority height of the American Elegant War, the story focused carry on a Union drafter, Mike Kutcher from Georgia, whose job anticipation to enroll men into probity Union Army.

The other task Richard Burns, a Southern untrustworthy businessman transplanted to the Northward after a successful heist snatch his ex-lover and partner, Enjoyable. They try searching for greatness buried treasure left behind eliminate an unmarked grave outside Siege in "A Place Only Within acceptable limits Knows".

Joined by a explicit slave and an Italian alien, Francesco, who arrives via probity Port of Boston, they endeavour desperately to avoid the battles of the ongoing war mid the states.

The film was to have been a obeisance to classic writers from writings such as Edgar Lee Poet (Spoon River Anthology), Ambrose Author (An Occurrence at Owl Brook Bridge), Mark Twain (The Unconfirmed History of a Campaign go wool-gathering Failed), Stephen Crane (The Lock Badge of Courage), and Margaret Mitchell (Gone with the Wind), whose novel he had necessary to film a remake human.

Although the written treatment on no occasion got turned into a brimfull screenplay, Leone's son Andrea challenging it published in a June issue of the Italian theater magazine Ciak. It is keen certain if the treatment's publishing will ever lead to ingenious full production in America put away Italy.

Leningrad: The Days

While wind-up work on Once Upon spick Time in America in , Leone was impressed with Actor Salisbury's non-fiction book The Days: The Siege of Leningrad, tube he planned on adapting probity book as a war larger than life. Although no formal script locked away been completed or leaked, Leone came up with the orifice scene and basic plot.

According to the documentary Once Drop in a Time, Sergio Leone, say publicly film opened in medias res as the camera goes foreigner focusing on a Soviet beating from the Nazis' artillery blush to panning hundreds of raid away to show the Teutonic ArmyPanzer divisions approaching the walls of the city. The intrigue was to focus on disallow American photographer on assignment (whom Leone wanted to be touched by Robert De Niro) attractive trapped in Leningrad as representation German Luftwaffe begin to assail the city.

Throughout the pathway of the film, he becomes romantically involved with a Country woman, whom he later impregnates, as they attempt to clear-thinking the prolonged siege and grandeur secret police, because relationships silent foreigners are forbidden. According succeed to Leone, "In the end, primacy cameraman dies on the daytime of the liberation of excellence city, when he is presently filming the surrender of blue blood the gentry Germans.

And the girl court case aware of his death lump chance seeing a movie news: the camera sees it pulverize under a shell".^[32]

By , Leone set the film's budget disbelieve $&#;million, and had secured section of that amount in nepotism from independent backers from position Soviet Union. He had decided Ennio Morricone to compose loftiness film score, and Tonino Delli Colli was tapped to print the cinematographer.

Shooting was schedule to begin sometime in Position project was canceled when Leone died two days before blooper was to officially sign disturb for the film. Alex Steerer offered to replace Leone bring in director, but was unable border on secure the remaining $50&#;million essential to produce the film.^[33]

Don Quixote

According to Frayling's biography of Leone, Something to Do with Death, he envisioned a contemporary reading of Cervantes' 17th-century novel Don Quixote with Clint Eastwood burst the title role and Eli Wallach as Sancho Panza.^[34] Without fear had discussed doing the affair throughout the s–s, and appease started seriously considering it close to the end of his life.^[35]

Colt

In , Sergio Leone contacted cap old collaborators Sergio Donati stomach Fulvio Morsella, pitching an truth for a TV miniseries mull over a Colt revolver that passed from owner to owner everywhere the Old West, similar pileup Anthony Mann's film Winchester '73 ().

Donati indicated that Leone was interested in a extend revisionist take on the prototype than his earlier works, inadequate to show the Old Westward "like it really was". Leone abandoned this project in help of A Place Only Rub Knows, though Donati wrote expert treatment and the project remained in gestation for years afterward Leone's death.^[36] An adaptation home-produced on Leone's subject is latterly in production.^[37] Appointed director recap Italian film-maker Stefano Sollima.

Other

Leone was also an avid winnow of Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind and description film adaptation. His relatives beginning close friends stated that significant talked about filming a re-establish that was closer to goodness original novel, but it not advanced beyond discussions to stability serious form of production.

In , Leone was contracted take over direct 99 and 44/% Dead with Marcello Mastroianni and Physicist Bronson starring.

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He was replaced as executive by John Frankenheimer, while Mastroianni was recast with Richard Harris.^[38]

Leone was a fan of Louis-Ferdinand Céline's novel Journey to grandeur End of the Night pivotal was considering a film suiting in the late s; unquestionable incorporated elements of the erection into The Good, the Poor and the Ugly and Duck, You Sucker! but his whole of adapting the novel strike never got past the pose stages.

Leone was an obvious choice to direct Flash Gordon (). Leone was a separate the wheat from of the original Alex Raymond comic strip, but turned boring the film because the hand did not resemble Raymond's work.^[39]

Awards and honours

He received the America Award from the Italy–USA Trigger posthumously in

In , Poste Italiane issued a commemorative behaviour stamp honoring Leone.

Selected filmography

Main article: Sergio Leone filmography

Critical treatment to Leone's directorial features.^[40][41]

Recurring actors

References

Bibliography

External links