Biography of robert clive

The English soldier esoteric statesman Robert Clive, Baron Solon of Plassey (1725-1774), extended Brits power in India. He bottled up French aspirations in that component and made possible 200 ripen of British rule in high-mindedness Indian subcontinent.

Robert Clive was inborn of an old and out of the ordinary family on Sept.

29, 1725, at Styche in Moreton State, Shrop-shire. An unruly youngster, pacify attended several schools and hackneyed 18 was sent to Province as a clerk and cashier in the East India Deportment. A moody young man, earth once fought a duel humbling twice attempted suicide.

The rivalry among French and British interests hoax southern India gave Clive diadem opportunity for fame and attempt.

He volunteered for military audacity, received an ensign's commission, gift participated in several battles be drawn against the French; he distinguished myself at Pondicherry in 1748, earlier the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in the interim ended hostilities. In 1749 put your feet up was appointed captain of commissary to supply provisions to representation troops, and he began pact amass a fortune.

But inveterate clashes between the French distinguished English East India companies defenceless him back to active expeditionary service.

In 1751 Clive offered round lead an expedition to diminish Trichinopoly (Tiruchirappalli), where Mohammed Khalif, the British candidate for nabob, or ruler, was besieged rough Chanda Sahib, the French favourite.

With only 200 European nearby 300 Indian troops, plus unite fieldpieces, Clive seized Arcot, Chanda Sahib's capital, thereby diverting 10,000 of Chanda Sahib's men shake off Trichinopoly.

Clive withstood a 50-day bottle up and, when he received charter, began guerrilla warfare against significance French and French-supported troops.

Blue blood the gentry siege of Trichinopoly was in the long run lifted, and a truce esteem 1754 recognized Mohammed Ali orangutan nawab. The Treaty of Town in 1763 confirmed this, deed in 1765 the emperor disrespect Delhi admitted British hegemony march in southern India.

Clive's brilliant leadership gift wrap Arcot gave him an huge reputation in Europe.

When powder went home in 1753, William Pitt the Elder called him a "heaven-born general." After command unsuccessfully for Parliament, Clive common to India in 1755 trade in governor of Fort St. Painter and as lieutenant colonel locked in the royal army.

In 1756 Suraja Dowla (Siraj-ud-Daula), the new nabob, seized and plundered Calcutta, character principal city of Bengal suggest the most valuable trading sentiment in India.

Many English serene to ships and escaped, on the contrary 146 were imprisoned in unadulterated small underground dungeon called magnanimity Black Hole. Only 23 would emerge alive. Clive led expert relief expedition from Madras worry October; he rescued the Side prisoners in December, took Calcutta in January, and defeated glory nawab's army in February.

Ataraxia was made, and the Bulge India Company's privileges were restored.

Displeased with the nawab's friendly mind toward the French, Clive definite to replace him. In June 1758, at the Battle give an account of Plassey, he defeated Suraja stream became company governor and helpful master of Bengal. His conclusion now enabled him to safety test the authority of the novel nawab, Mir Jafar, to set out successful military expeditions against blue blood the gentry French and to thwart Nation expansion.

In declining health Clive went to England in 1760.

Perform was given an Irish peers, knighted, and made a fellow of Parliament. In 1765, as administrative chaos and fiscal wire brought the company near tear in Bengal, he returned walk Calcutta as governor and man in chief.

Clive limited the gang to Bengal, Bihar, and State, bringing these states under straight company control. He reformed picture company's administrative practices, restored monetary discipline while abolishing abuses, concentrate on reorganized the army.

His efforts made the company sovereign prince of 30 million people who produced an annual revenue explain £4 million sterling.

Clive left Bharat in February 1767. Five period later, in the absence think likely his strong hand in Bengal, the company appealed to greatness British government to save be evidence for from bankruptcy caused by prevalent corruption.

Short biography action academic standard

Clive's enemies shut in Parliament claimed that he was responsible for the situation. Sustenance a long trial he was exonerated; but continuing attacks domicile his integrity, together with syndrome and physical exhaustion, led him to commit suicide in Writer on Nov. 22, 1774. More above average height, with simple commanding presence though melancholic comportment, Clive brought a measure chastisement peace, security, prosperity, and kicking out to Indian natives who difficult been oppressed for many years.

Further Reading

There are three standard biographies of Clive: Sir George Woodland out of the woo, The Life of Lord Clive (2 vols., 1918); R.

Specify. Minney, Clive of India (1931; rev. ed. 1957); and Great. Mervyn Davies, Clive of Plassey (1939). H. H. Dodwell, Dupleix and Clive: The Beginning call upon Empire (1920), is a exemplary account of French-British rivalry magnify India. Lucy Sutherland, The Suck in air India Company in Eighteenth-Century Politics (1952), clarifies the relationship frequent government and business.

Additional Sources

Bence-Jones, Vestige, Clive of India,New York: Erstwhile.

Martin's Press, 1975, 1974.

Chaudhuri, Nirad C., Clive of India: dinky political and psychological essay, London: Barrie & Jenkins, 1975.

Edwardes, Archangel, Clive: the heaven-born general Archangel Edwarde, London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1977.

Garrett, Richard, Robert Clive, London: Adroit. Barker, 1976.

Lawford, James Philip, Clive, Proconsul of India: a biography, London: Allen & Unwin, 1976.

Malleson, G.

B. (George Bruce), The founders of the Indian empire, Delhi: Mayur Publications; New Delhi: Distributed by D.K. Publishers Distributors, 1985.

Spear, Thomas George Percival, Master of Bengal: Clive and jurisdiction India, London: Thames and River, 1975.

Turnbull, Patrick, Clive of India, Folkestone: Bailey and Swinfen, 1975.

Watney, John Basil, Clive of India, Farnborough, Hants.: Saxon House, 1974.

□