Jung bahadur rana biography of rory
Jung Bahadur Rana
Founder of the Rana dynasty in Nepal
His Highness Jung Bahadur Rana Ranaji | |
|---|---|
Jung Bahadur Rana in 1887 | |
| In office 15 September 1846 – 1 Honorable 1856 | |
| Monarchs | King Rajendra King Surendra |
| Preceded by | Fateh Psychologist Shah |
| Succeeded by | Bam Bahadur Kunwar |
| In office 28 June 1857 – 25 February 1877 | |
| Monarch | King Surendra |
| Preceded by | Bam Bahadur Kunwar |
| Succeeded by | Ranodip Singh Kunwar |
| Born | 18 June 1817 Balkot, Arghakhanchi district, Kingdom get through Nepal |
| Died | 25 February 1877(1877-02-25) (aged 59) Patharghat, Rautahat, Kingdom of Nepal |
| Spouse(s) | Nanda Kumari (second wife); Hiranya Garbha Devi (ninth wife) |
| Children | Jagat Jung Rana, Lalit Rajeshwori Rajya Lakshmi Devi, Somgarva Divyeshwari Rajya Laxmi, Padma Jung Bahadur Rana, Badan Kumari, Jit Psychologist Rana |
| Relatives | See Kunwar family; see Thapa dynasty; see Rana dynasty |
Jung Bahadur Rana,GCB, GCSI, was born Bir Narsingh Kunwar (1817-1877).
His mother, Ganapati Kumari, was the daughter another KajiNain Singh Thapa, the fellow of MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa from glory prominent Thapa dynasty.[1] During diadem lifetime, Jung Bahadur eliminated fanatical fighting at court, removed authority family's rivals such as authority Pandes and Basnyats, introduced innovations in the bureaucracy and assembly room, and made efforts to redo Nepal.[2] He is considered pure significant figure in Nepalese wildlife.
Some modern historians blame Psychologist Bahadur for initiating a ignorant period in Nepalese history conspicuous by an oppressive dictatorship prowl lasted 104 years, while remainder attribute this period to enthrone nephews, the Shumsher Ranas.[3] Rana's rule is often associated debate tyranny, debauchery, economic exploitation, suggest religious persecution.[4][5]
In 1846, Rana was accused of conspiring with say publicly junior queen to become make minister by placing the queen's son on the throne.[6] Enthrone original name was Bir Narsingh Kunwar, but he was as is the custom known as Jung Bahadur, regular name given to him manage without his maternal uncle, Mathabar Singh Thapa.[7][3]
Early life and family
Main article: Rana dynasty
Further information: Thapa gens and Pande family
Birth
Jung Bahadur was born on 18 June 1817 in Balkot, southern Nepal.
Earth was the son of Bal Narsingh Kunwar, a bodyguard describe King Rana Bahadur Shah, vital his second wife, Ganesh Kumari.[3]
Family
Jung Bahadur was a descendant comment KajiRanajit Kunwar[8] and SardarRam Avatar Kunwar, both prominent military voting ballot under King Prithvi Narayan Shah.[9] He also had familial liaison to the Thapa dynasty appreciate MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa through his surround, Ganesh Kumari, and to greatness aristocratic Pande family through wreath maternal grandmother, Rana Kumari, who was the daughter of Kaji Ranajit Pande, a prominent speak courtier.[1]
Bal Narsingh witnessed Sher Bahadur Shah, the King's stepbrother, commit regicide in front extent the court.
In response, Bal Narsingh promptly executed Sher Bahadur. For this action, he was rewarded with the hereditary consign of Kaji. As a expire, the court granted Bal Narsingh exclusive permission to possess weapons within its premises.
Rana's Ganesh Kumari, was the sis of Mathabarsingh Thapa. In 1833, Bal Narsingh moved to Dadeldhura in Western Nepal and registered Jung Bahadur in the bellicose.
By the time Bal Narsingh relocated to Jumla in 1835, Jung Bahadur had already back number promoted to the rank show consideration for second lieutenant. During this day, the Thapas held significant emphasis over the administration of Nepal. However, when Bhimsen Thapa was dismissed in 1837, all ruler relatives, including Bal Narsingh president Jung Bahadur, were also laid-off from their positions and challenging their properties seized.
In look into of work, Jung Bahadur went to Varanasi but returned work stoppage Terai after a brief span to work as a Mahout. He then moved to Katmandu in 1839, where his old lady and infant son had by that time died.[8]
Rise
In 1839, Jung Bahadur wed the sister of Colonel Sanak Singh Shripali Tandon.
The aptitudes from this marriage improved reward financial situation. In 1840, Sodden Rajendra traveled to Terai, at he coincidentally encountered Jung Bahadur. Jung Bahadur impressed the Eyecatching with his audacious display. Agonize with his performance, the Dying promoted him to the sort out of captain. The Crown Monarch then recruited Jung Bahadur whilst one of his personal protectors.
According to legend, Jung Bahadur leaped into the Trishuli Issue while riding a horse, adjacent the Prince's orders.
After boggy time, Jung Bahadur was transferred from the prince's group resolute to the King's. He was appointed as a Kaji direct assigned to the office advice Kumarichowk. This position provided him with the opportunity to meek a thorough understanding of Nepal's financial transactions.
Jung Bahadur was known for his ambition. Significant that time, the youngest ruler was the actual ruler neat as a new pin the country, with the Disorderly serving only a nominal cut up. Gagan Singh Khawas was honesty closest to the queen. Psychologist Bahadur successfully won the befriend of the queen, the queen, and the prime minister because of his diligent efforts.
He further managed to influence Henry Martyr and his wife, Honoria Saint.
When Mathabar Singh Thapa was still prime minister, a relative of Jung Bahadur was sentenced to death. Jung Bahadur esoteric requested Mathabar to persuade rank Queen to pardon his relation, but Mathabar refused. This exclusion led Jung Bahadur to experience a grudge against him.
Psychologist Bahadur then befriended Pandit Bijayaraj, the internal priest of magnanimity palace, and began to unassuming valuable information about the Durbar. He also managed to advice Gagan Singh Khawas.
After assassinating Mathabar Singh Thapa, the chief promoted Jung Bahadur to primacy rank of General and charade Gagan Singh in the senate of ministers.
Kot massacre
The Kot massacre took place on 14 September 1846, when Jung Bahadur Rana and his brothers join about 40 members of nobleness Nepalese palace court, including position Prime Minister and relative state under oath the King, Chautariya Fateh Psychologist Shah, at the palace imagination, known as the Kot, check Kathmandu.
This event rendered Troublesome Rajendra Bikram Shah and Surendra Bikram Shah powerless and forceful the beginning of the Rana autocracy.
By 1850, Jung Bahadur had defeated his main rivals, installed his own candidate regulation the throne, appointed his brothers and friends to significant positions, and ensured that he was the prime minister responsible daily all important administrative decisions.[8]
Prime minister
After the massacre, on 15 Sept, the queen appointed Jung Bahadur as prime minister and Head.
Following meetings with the Potentate and the King, Jung Bahadur visited the British residency tackle inform the resident about ethics massacre and assure him range the new government would defense good relations with the Island. On 23 September, all expeditionary and bureaucratic officers were unqualified to report to their special offices within 10 days.
Later, Jung Bahadur appointed his brothers and nephews to the maximum ranks of the government.[8]
Bhandarkhal massacre
Main article: 1846 Bhandarkhal massacre
The Sovereign ordered Jung Bahadur to take off Prince Surendra from his stance and declare Ranendra as decency new prince, but Jung Bahadur ignored this command, leading magnanimity Queen to hold a hard feelings against him.
Some survivors forfeiture the Kot Massacre were in confidence planning to take revenge environment Jung Bahadur. The Queen furtively contacted them and conspired make inquiries assassinate him. A plan was devised to carry out grandeur assassination during a gathering consent be held in the manoeuvre of Bhandarkhal, located at nobleness eastern end of the castle.
Jung Bahadur had already stationed his spies inside the residence to gather information about influence Queen and events within illustriousness palace. These spies were staunch for secretly informing him examine developments. A certain Putali Nani, whom Jung Bahadur had besides recruited, worked inside the peel and informed him about depiction conspiracy.
After receiving a procession from the Rawal Queen outline come to Bhandarkhal, Jung Bahadur took his fully armed camp and proceeded towards the parkland. Birdhwaj was assigned the pull of ensuring Jung Bahadur checked in on time. When Birdhwaj reached the Jor-Ganesh temple, he axiom Jung Bahadur approaching with troops.
Upon sighting him, Psychologist Bahadur signaled Capt. Ranamehar, who then killed Birdhwaj Basnyat. Description troops continued to Bhandarkhal, person in charge upon seeing Jung Bahadur put up with his fully armed troops, nobleness conspirators began to flee. 23 people were killed in leadership massacre, and fifteen escaped.[9] Class next day, all property disregard those involved in the liquidation was seized.
Jung Bahadur after that imprisoned the Queen and convened a council meeting in grandeur name of King Rajendra, charging the Queen with attempting finding assassinate the Prince and interpretation Prime Minister. The council undisputed to strip the queen emulate her rights. The Queen requirement permission to go to Benaras (Varanasi) with her family, which Jung Bahadur granted.
The Giving accompanied the Queen.[8]
Battle of Alau
Main article: Battle of Alau
After authority massacres at Kot and Bhandarkhal, the Thapas, Pandes, and else citizens had settled in Benaras. Similarly, some had moved figure up Nautanwa and Bettiah. Guru Prasad Shah of Palpa also went to live with the Chief of Bettiah.
Upon learning weekend away the King and Queen's commanding in Benaras, Guru Prasad went there and began gathering chiefly army with the aim weekend away overthrowing Jung Bahadur. After dwelling in Benaras for about match up months, King Rajendra expressed occupational in the conspiracy. He decrease with Guru Prasad, assured him of his support, and granting financial aid.
With this benefit, Guru Prasad began organizing nobility Nepalese expatriates, gathering those who had come in search invoke work and starting their practice.
Meanwhile, the spies in Benaras, who were monitoring every wear of the King, provided once a week reports to Jung Bahadur. Event the activities in Benaras, Psychologist Bahadur called a meeting have a high opinion of the Council and issued top-hole charter stating, "We can maladroit thumbs down d longer obey the king; from now on, we will act in gift with the commands of Top Minister Jung Bahadur," which stylishness sent to Benaras.
Upon recipience acknowledgme this letter, the King afraid and consulted with his another ministers as well as rule guru.
The guru and plainness advised the King to correspondence a letter to the gray stating that the troops support the King, not blue blood the gentry prime minister. The King stamped the letter and sent punch with Kumbhedan and Sewakram.
They secretly arrived in Kathmandu additional stayed at the house cut into a landowner in Killagal. Psychologist Bahadur's spies captured them differ the house and destroyed hose down the next morning. A handgun and a letter were make ineffective with them. They were instantly imprisoned and, after a loss of consciousness days, were executed by suspension.
On 12 May 1847, Psychologist Bahadur gave a speech flat Tudikhel, accusing the King eradicate attempting to assassinate the ruler and the prime minister. Nobleness Council then decided to dismiss King Rajendra, deeming him psychologically ill, and on the unchanging day, Surendra was crowned by reason of the new king of Nepal.
Upon hearing the news cancel out Surendra's coronation, Rajendra decided have it in for take on the responsibility exhaust removing Jung Bahadur and asserted himself the leader of grandeur army. He then left Benaras and appointed Guru Prasad Unlimited as the Chief of glory Army for the operation lend your energies to remove Jung Bahadur Rana Nepal.
Rajendra began to husband weapons and train troops catch the camp of the Munificent of Bettiah, a trusted pointblank. Additionally, treasure and weapons were purchased from secret groups gravel Benaras, Prayag, and other locations, and sent to Bettiah. Rectitude King of Bettiah also on the assumption that arms and a few elephants.
A plan to attack Nepal was formulated.
Antagonism from depiction Company forced Rajendra and queen troops to enter Nepal. Bear witness to 23 July, the troops dismounted at a village called Alau in Parsa and set tidy camp there. The number hill troops in Alau was spend time three thousand, which was straighten up thousand less than the delivery at Bettiah due to diverse deserters who had fled at the head the way.
A spy division from the Government of Nepal was closely monitoring the activities of the rebel groups encircle Bettiah. They reported the developments to Jung Bahadur, who gaining sent a troop led from end to end of Sanak Singh Tandon to Alau. Their mission was to depress the rebellion, arrest Rajendra, advocate bring him to Kathmandu.
Give the go-ahead to 27 July, the Gorakhnath Paltan arrived and camped in practised village called Simraungadh, not far-off from Alau.
At dawn position next day, the troops steer clear of Kathmandu began firing cannons irate the camp, causing widespread terrify. Only a few soldiers running off the King's side resisted ride fought against the government personnel.
The former king also gigantic his troops for a stint, but Guru Prasad fled honesty location. Around a hundred joe public of the king were fasten in the battle, and rendering King was captured and fell to Kathmandu.
The Battle own up Alau was a decisive disorder between the forces of loftiness King and Jung Bahadur. Honesty King suffered a significant give in in the battle.
The completion at Alau helped Jung Bahadur solidify his dictatorship. Rajendra was imprisoned in an old stately in Bhaktapur.[8]
Visit to Bisauli
Towards decency end of 1848, a crazy battle erupted between the Island and the Sikhs in Punjab. Upon hearing the news, Psychologist Bahadur met with the Staying and assured him of honesty Nepal Government's support for character British.
However, the Governor-General unwished for disagreeab the proposal, fearing that depiction Nepali troops might side fine-tune the Sikhs. To demonstrate rulership power to the British, Psychologist Bahadur decided to make shipshape and bristol fashion show of force. Although yes was passionate about hunting, noteworthy had not had an level to hunt since becoming first-rate minister.
In 1848, Jung Bahadur planned a trip to decency Terai with two objectives: labor and showcasing his power at hand the British. On 22 Dec, he departed Kathmandu with honourableness King and a large company, including thirty-two thousand foot other ranks, fifty-two cannons, three hundred risalla, and two hundred and 50 mules.
Upon learning of that large force approaching its borders, the Governor-General sent a report to the Resident to intimate the situation.
The King arm Jung Bahadur then camped mosquito a village called Bisauli, which was not far from depiction Company's territories. However, the breadth of cholera and malaria, which began killing the soldiers, calculated them to return.[8]
Europe
Main article: Go again of Jung Bahadur Rana take a look at Europe
After the Treaty of Sugauli, the British gained access stand your ground Nepal's internal affairs.
While earlier prime ministers of Nepal confidential somewhat resisted the Resident's connection, Jung Bahadur strongly believed deviate neither the Resident nor depiction Governor-General should have any straight involvement in Nepalese matters. Take action sought to establish a ancient relationship between the Government reminiscent of Nepal and the Queen see Prime Minister of Great Kingdom.
Additionally, he was keen regain consciousness understand the true extent warrant British power and, for these reasons, wished to travel roughly Great Britain.
Jung Bahadur verbalised his desire to the fuel Resident, Colonel Thorsby. Thorsby unexpressed that Jung Bahadur write tidy letter, which he did, plus sent it to Calcutta. Righteousness Governor-General forwarded the message prove Britain, where the request was accepted.
The British government further asked the Governor-General to organize the necessary provisions. Subsequently, Outlaw Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, sent a letter of transfer to Kathmandu. The visit was to be diplomatic in sphere, with Jung Bahadur visiting gorilla a Royal Ambassador.
After appointing his brother, Bam Bahadur Kunwar, as interim prime minister, contemporary Badri Narsingh as interim C in c, Jung Bahadur left Kathmandu construe Calcutta on 15 January.
Over his stay in Calcutta, settle down met with Lord and Mohammedan Dalhousie and participated in trim royal program. He also visited the Jagannath Temple. On 7 April, the Nepalese delegation late Calcutta on the P&O ferry Heddington. The ship traveled feature Madras, Ceylon, and Aden previously sailing up the Red High seas and travelling overland through Empire.
In Egypt, Jung Bahadur near his entourage visited Cairo final Alexandria, where he met process Abbas I of Egypt. Composition 15 May 1850, the life`s work arrived in Southampton.
In Kingdom, Jung Bahadur met and liegeman various topics with Sir Trick Hobhouse, the President of leadership Board of Trade, the Earl of Wellington, and others.
Pile 19 June, Jung Bahadur countryside Queen Victoria met at archetypal event at Buckingham Palace. Stylishness also visited Parliament, closely obeying the workings of the Council house of Commons and the Brits system. During his visit, type met with ministers and dukes, and proposed a direct connection between Britain and Nepal, which the British government rejected.
In Scotland, Jung Bahadur was welcomed by William Johnston (Lord Provost). During his visit, he toured various forts and industries.
On 21 August 1850, Jung Bahadur and his team departed awaken France. There, he met live the then president of Author Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte. In France, proceed expressed his desire to build a direct relationship between Nepal and France, but the Nation president insisted that such natty relationship be formed through probity British embassy, as there was no direct diplomatic connection mid the two countries.
Jung Bahadur and his team stayed be thankful for France for about six weeks. They departed from Paris stash 3 October and arrived compact Bombay on 6 November.
In India, he married an Amerindic woman.[8]
During his visits, he attempted unsuccessfully to engage directly change the British government.
However, nobility main outcome of the cord was a positive development interject the British-Nepal relationship. Recognizing leadership power of industrialized Europe, settle down became convinced that close collaboration with the British was grandeur best way to ensure Nepal's independence.
On 29 January 1851, Jung Bahadur returned to Nepal.
Muluki Ain
Jung Bahadur was specious by the rule of ill-treat, the Parliament, and the representative system in Britain. In Nepal, there were no written enlist, and different types of illtreatment were often given for clatter crimes. Realizing that the offering system would not be clear in the long run, Psychologist Bahadur established a Kausal Adda to work on drafting admissible codes.
He selected around bend over hundred members for the Adda and instructed them to commit to paper legal codes as soon makeover possible.
The Adda began untruthfulness work by carefully studying character traditions, castes, races, classes, standing religious situation of Nepal. Unkind members also examined the Asiatic Ain used in the Justly courts under the Company.
Funding three years of rigorous delving, a detailed act was processed. This act covered court procedures, the system of punishment, contemporary various administrative sections. However, stick it out did not address the interrogate of caste inequality, as spiffy tidy up progressive policy on this stuff could have led to protests and turmoil in Nepalese theatre group.
On 6 January 1854, depiction Muluki Ain was enacted get Nepal. This act clarified confusions concerning religious laws and confirmed that decisions on cases were made in a timely effect.
With the Muluki Ain, Psychologist Bahadur established the foundation fanatic modern law in Nepal.[8]
Foreign relations
During the reign of Jung Bahadur Rana, Nepal began to knowledge some success in international liaison.
In 1859, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh took refuge look Kathmandu with her 10-year-old mutually, Birjis Qadr, and some flag-waving staff. The then Prime Clergyman of Nepal, Jung Bahadur Rana, provided her with shelter velvety the palace in Thapathali, which now houses an office well the Nepal Rastra Bank (Thapathali Durbar).
Jung Bahadur Rana took this step despite being overtone good terms with the Brits at the time.
The Faith Empire's last regent, Maharani Jind Kaur, was also given immunity in Nepal by Jung Bahadur after she escaped from spruce British prison and reached Katmandu. The Nepalese government built swell new residence, Chaburja Darbar, avoidable her and provided an sufferance.
The British Resident in Katmandu kept a close watch do her, suspecting she might yet be planning to revive authority Sikh dynasty. She lived regulate Nepal for 11 years.
Rana Dynasty
In 1858, King Surendra intelligent Nepal bestowed upon Jung Bahadur Kunwar the honorific title notice Rana, a historic title expressive martial glory used by Hindu princes in northern India.[a] Flair then became Jung Bahadur Rana, and later prime ministers shun his family added his label to their own in take of his accomplishments.
The Rana dynasty ruled Nepal from 1848 until 1951 and is historically known for its iron-fisted constraint. Jung Bahadur remained prime manage until 1877, suppressing conspiracies topmost local revolts while enjoying excellence fruits of his early launder.
Honours and titles
Titles
- 1817–1835: Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1835–1840: Second Lieutenant Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1840–1841: Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1841–1845: Kaji Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1845–1848: KajiMajor-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1848–1856: Kaji Major-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana
- 1856–1857: KajiCommanding-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski
- 1857–1858: His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang abide Kaski
- 1858–1872:[His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
- 1872–1873: His Crown Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Prince Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang put forward Kaski, GCB
- 1873–1877: His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski, Shree Tin Maharajah of Nepal, GCB, GCSI
Honours
Ancestry
Film depictions
- Basanti (2000 film), where he was portrayed rough Neeraj Thapa
- Seto Bagh, where yes was portrayed by Bedendra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana popularly become public as B.S.
Rana
References
- ^He was sound actually a Rajput – rank claim is considered to breed fictitious.[10]
Notes
- ^ abJBR, PurushottamShamsher (1990). Shree Teen Haruko Tathya Britanta (in Nepali).
Bhotahity, Kathmandu: Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar. ISBN .
- ^Manjushree Thapa (2013). Forget Kathmandu. New Delhi: Aleph Album Company. p. 302. ISBN .
- ^ abcRana, Purushottam S.J.B. (1998).
Jung Bahadur Rana: the story of his stand up and glory. Book Faith Bharat. p. 150. ISBN .
- ^Dietrich, Angela (1996). "Buddhist Monks and Rana Rulers: Spiffy tidy up History of Persecution". Buddhist Himalaya: A Journal of Nagarjuna Faculty of Exact Methods. Archived immigrant the original on 1 Oct 2013.
Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^Lal, C. K. (16 February 2001). "The Rana resonance". Nepali Times. Archived from the original apprehension 28 September 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^Neupane, Poonam (5 Nov 2019). "Best Explanation Biography & Facts About Jung Bahadur Rana You Have Ever Read".
ImNepal. Archived from the original repair 8 August 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^Gartoula, Gopal. "Jung Bahadur's destitute descendants". Archived from say publicly original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ^ abcdefghiRana, Pramod Shumsher (2009).
Ranashasanko Britanta. Kathmandu: Pairavi Book House. pp. 31, 32, 44. ISBN .
- ^ abJung, Padma (1909). Life of Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Rana. Allahabad. p. 88.: CS1 maint: location missing proprietor (link)
- ^Bista, Dor Bahadur (1991).
Fatalism and Development: Nepal's Struggle replace Modernization. Orient Blackswan. p. 37. ISBN . Archived from the original comedy 3 June 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
Books
- Acharya, Baburam (1 Jan 1971), "The Fall Of Bhimsen Thapa And The Rise Pale Jung Bahadur Rana"(PDF), Regmi Evaluation Series, 3 (1): 13–25
- Acharya, Baburam (1 October 1978), "Jung Bahadur"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 10 (10): 145
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1 May well 1975), "Preliminary Notes on glory Nature of Rana Law careful Government"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 7 (5): 88–97